RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) remain the most frequently encountered hospital-acquired infections. Their
occurrence is influenced by multiple clinical and demographic risk factors. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between
symptomatic CAUTI and commonly reported high-risk variables. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out over a 12-month period,
enrolling 100 patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Symptomatic CAUTI was identified using established diagnostic criteria. Potential
contributing factors such as age, sex, duration of catheterization, diabetes, immunosuppressive therapy, and underlying medical conditions were
examined for association. Results: The incidence of CAUTI was calculated at 25.67 per 1,000 catheter days. The highest frequency was noted
among patients aged 71–80 years. Diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with infection, conferring nearly six-fold higher odds. Similarly,
neurological disorders (Odds Ratio 5.16) and respiratory diseases (Odds Ratio 6.44) were significant risk factors. Patients with pre-existing
urological or nephrological conditions demonstrated the greatest vulnerability, with an odds ratio of 13.27. Conclusion: Identifying individuals at
increased risk of CAUTI is essential for guiding preventive strategies. Limiting catheter duration, optimizing glycemic control, and ensuring
adherence to aseptic practices during insertion and maintenance are key measures. Incorporating a structured “catheter care bundle” may further
decrease infection rates.